会移动的北海英国领事馆
北海近代建筑现存17个点共25座，大多保存完好，它们是近代英、法、德等西方列强掠夺我国市场和资源的物证，是研究我国近代史、经济史、建筑史、海关史和对外贸易史等方面的重要史迹。“方志北海”推出“北海近代建筑”系列，为您讲述北海近代建筑背后的故事。Beihai currently has 25 existing modern buildings in 17 architecture sites.Pretty well preserved, the modern architecture now serves as the self-evident proof of the once imperialism invasion and pillage and as the right historical site for studying Chinese modern history, economy, architecture, customs and foreign trade.In recent issues, we will introduce these modern buildings and reveal the stories behind them. Please stay tuned.
Former site of the British Consulate in Beihai [Photo /Spellbinding Cultural Heritage of Beihai in Han Dynasty]
一说到北海的近代建筑，北海人第一个能想到的就是英国领事馆了。The British Consulate must be the first one coming to our mind if you mention the modern architecture in Beihai.
清光绪二年(1876年)，中英《烟台条约》签订后，北海辟为对外通商口岸，英国、法国、德国、意大利、奥匈帝国、比利时、美国和葡萄牙等国先后进入北海设立领事馆或委托他国领事代办领事业务。In 1876, Beihai was opened up as a treaty port in the Sino-British Yantai Treaty. As a result, eight Western nations (theUK,France,Germany,Italy,Austria-Hungary,Belgium, theUSandPortugal) successively set up their consulates in Beihai or designated other consuls with authority to act on their behalf to deal with consular affairs.
北海英国领事馆旧址 摘自《北海图录》
Former site of the British Consulate in Beihai [Photo / Beihai Catalog]
英国于清光绪三年(1877年)在北海租用民房设立领事馆，负责北海、海口通商事务并兼代理奥匈帝国、美国领事业务，这是外国在北海乃至广西设立的最早的领事馆。光绪十一年(1885年)建成英国领事馆办公楼，长27.29米，宽12.14米，占地面积300多平米，为二层券廊式西洋建筑。馆址在当时市区南郊，今市一中校园内。民国11年(1922年)英国领事馆裁撤后，办公楼被转卖。In 1877, the British rent a private house to set up their consulate in Beihai, in charge of business affairs for Beihai and Haikou and acting as an agent for theAustria-Hungaryand theUSto handle their consular affairs. The British Consulate was the earliest consulate set up in Beihai, even in Guangxi. The office building of the British Consulate was built in 1885 which was a typical two-storied western building with an arcade, located at the south suburb of Beihai (now in Beihai No.1 Middle School). It stretched 27.29m long and 12.14m wide and covered an area of more than 300㎡. After the British Consulate was abolished in 1922, the office building was sold out.
1994年广西壮族自治区人民政府将英国领事馆旧址划为自治区级文物保护单位。2001年6月，国务院将包括北海英国领事馆旧址在内的北海市近现代西式建筑群列为全国重点文物保护单位。In 1994, the People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region designated the former site of the British Consulate as one of the Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the Autonomous Region Level. In June 2001, the State Council listed the modern western architectural complex in Beihai, including the former site of the British Consulate, among the Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level.
北海英国领事馆旧址 摘自《北海市申报国家历史文化名城文本》
Former site of the British Consulate in Beihai [Photo / Document of Beihai Municipality’s Application for National Famous Historical and Cultural City]
北海人对英国领事馆如此记忆深刻，除了因为它是最早在北海设立的外国领事馆之外，还因为它在1999年整体平移的光辉事迹。As the earliest consulate set up in Beihai, the British Consulate was memorable to Beihai people also because of its impressive achievement in 1999: building monolithic moving.
1999年，因北海英国领事馆旧址位于规划贯通的解放南路（今北京路）的中央，北海市考虑到工程需要，本着最大限度保护文物与合理实施城市建设兼顾的原则，并经国家文物局、自治区文化厅同意，决定整体平移英国领事馆旧址。In 1999, the former site of the British Consulate was then in the middle of Jiefang South Road (now Beijing Road) which was planned to improve to a main thoroughfare. Approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Culture Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the British Consulate was decided to implement monolithic moving to meet the requirement of project, taking into consideration both the maximum protection of relics and the reasonable implementation of urban construction plans.
1999年10月，英国领事馆旧址整体平移现场 摘自《北海图录》
The scene of monolithic moving of the British Consulate in October 1999 [Photo / Beihai Catalog]
1999年10月1日下午4时开始，至10月3日下午3时25分，在北海市民的见证下，成功将重约1700吨的英国领事馆旧址往东北方向成功整体平移了55.8米，斜向50度，平移偏差1.5厘米。From 4:00 p.m., October 1, to 3:25 p.m., October 3, 1999, the building of the British Consulate weighing approximately 1,700 tons was successfully moved northeast from its former site with a horizontal distance of 55.8m, a deviation of 1.5cm and a oblique angle of 50°, witnessed by Beihai people.
1999年10月，英国领事馆旧址整体平移现场 图片来源网络
The scene of monolithic moving of the British Consulate in October 1999 [Photo / The Internet]
这是北海建筑史上难度最大的一次搬迁工程，同时也是广西首例建筑平移工程，更是全国首例建筑物斜向平移工程。如此壮举，在北海人的记忆中留下了难忘一笔。It was not only the most demanding relocation project in the architectural history of Beihai, and the first monolithic moving of building in Guangxi, but also the first oblique moving project inChina, leaving a deep impression on Beihai people.
而今，北海英国领事馆旧址又被赋予了新的使命，于2016年5月改建成为北海近代外国领事机构历史陈列馆，她不甘只作为一名北海近代历史的亲历者，她更要做北海近代历史的记录者。In May 2016, the British Consulate was rebuilt as Beihai Historical Museum of Foreign Consular Institutions in Modern Times, with a new mission to record the modern history of Beihai, no longer just a witness.
2016年5月1日，北海近代外国领事机构历史陈列馆正式对外开放 市文物局供
On May 1, 2016, Beihai Historical Museum of Foreign Consular Institutions in Modern Times was officially opened to the public. [Photo / Beihai Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage]
改造为北海近代外国领事机构历史陈列馆的北海英国领事馆旧址 北海市志办供
Beihai Historical Museum of Foreign Consular Institutions in Modern Times (former site of the British Consulate in Beihai) [Photo / Beihai Local Chronicles Compilation Committee Office]
【北海近代建筑】法国领事馆与清末发生在北海的一次中法交涉
3-21 特稿
【近代建筑】德国森宝洋行与“卖猪仔”生意
3-01特稿
（2017年第191期，总201篇）
北海市地方志办公室出品 | 转载须注明
综合编辑：覃宏愿/ 梓安/新婷
英语翻译校对：梁家玉/徐瑜萍
审校：杨宇
总编：冯心广
Published: Beihai Local ChroniclesCompilation Committee Office (BLCCCO)
Editor: Qin Hongyuan / Zi An
Translator & proofreader: Liang Jiayu/Xu Yuping
Reviewer: Yang Yu
Chief Editor: Feng Xinguang
参考文献：
1.北海市地方志编纂委员会，《北海市志》；
2.北海市地方志编纂委员会，《北海年鉴·2000》；
3.北海市人民政府，《北海市申报国家历史文化名城文本》。
Reference:
1. Local Chronicles of Beihai Municipality, Beihai Local Chronicles Compilation Committee Office edited;
2. Beihai Yearbook 2000, Beihai Local Chronicles Compilation Committee Office edited;
3. Document of Beihai Municipality’s Application for National Famous Historical and Cultural City, Beihai Municipal People’s Government edited.
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