急求一名胜古迹的中英文对照简介

【Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum】

【About】
Spain Bilbao Guggenheim Museum (the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum)
By the California architect Frank Gehry (FFrank O. Gehry) design, in 1997, opening it to the Chi Mei modeling, and the specific structure of the new material immediately won worldwide attention. In the 1990s, the construction of human creative Canruo Xing, Bilbao Guggenheim Museum is undoubtedly the greatest belong to the list, with the Sydney Opera House, they are the future of the world comes in advance of construction, which is not a matter of where Inter-language poem written on the city.
The total area of the museum covers an area of 24,000 square meters, the exhibition space of 11,000 square meters, there are divided into the Exhibition Hall, 19, an art gallery or one of the world's largest, with an area of 130 meters multiplied by 30 meters square. Museum of the whole structure of the body by using a set of architects for the aerodynamics of the use of computer software designed step by step. Museum of building materials in the use of glass, steel and limestone, is also part of the surface coating of titanium metal, and the city's long-standing tradition of shipbuilding echoed.
【Hall reason】

Bilbao, Spain (Bilbao), founded in 1300, as a result of excellent port and gradually flourished, rule the roost in Spain during the sea as a major port city, Rijianshuaila the beginning of the 17th century. The 19th century, producing iron ore and revitalized, but after the mid-20th century, the decline again, a flood in 1983 to more serious destruction of the old city, the city even worse, the trend difficult to draft, although every effort has had no effective solution. In the early 1990s, Bilbao has become Europe's de facto Jiejie tiny town, were it not for the city team in the Primera Liga is still in place, the vast majority of human life may be heard out in the name of the city.
For urban revitalization plan, the city government to complete the development of tourism resolution, but not a long history of the city, were not the first ring, not odd customs, scenery poor, and poor old famous track, a variety of tourism resources may be available on January 1, How to attract outside tourists who come to be the number one problem. Q multi-dollars, has finally decided to build a museum of modern art, many art lovers hope Europe's cultural journey. The New York Guggenheim Museum of modern art to the collection for the city, the Foundation had to expand Europe's Zhang Yi, the two hit it off, to create a new museum of contemporary art into a miracle. As a result, the museum has become the industrial city of Bilbao as a whole urban renewal plan for a ring, and million dollar construction cost.
About】 【Architects

Los Angeles architect Frank Gehry's avant-garde architecture has a proven track record, with bold, said the rebels of the design not only to subvert almost all of the classic architectural aesthetic principles, but also swept through the modern architecture, especially the international style building with the taboos of platitudes.
By Los Angeles city and the local cultural characteristics of the radical artist, Gary is determined to explore the early construction of barbed wire, wave plates, processing the crude metal plates, and other low-cost building materials in the use of collage and take, mixed and home, dislocation , The fuzzy boundary to center, non-hierarchical, non-sexual orientation and other means to challenge the established people's values and construction have been tied to their imagination. His work in the construction sector has been caused uproar, the love of those who praise for the genius of those who hate to destroy the waste, then, as always, Gary, creativity surging, irresistible. In the end, more and more people to build a tolerant, understanding the cover, and growing awareness of Gehry's creation of value for the world.
In 1989, a full 60-year-old Fran k Gehry has been awarded the construction of the international community's top award - Pritzker Architecture Prize, this time, he has a rebellious youth into a gray elderly, have been accomplished despite the reputation Qinggai time, but he never stopped to the possibility of building a new question, never ceased to free arrival into the depths of the pace. As a result the beginning of 1991, designed the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Gehry has become old age of 1898, jumped to a higher realm of creating an important opportunity.
【Architectural design】

The museum site in the city's gateway - the edge of the old city, within Villon south bank of the regional art, a complete access to the city's main channel through an elevated base of the iceberg, from the northern route into the city.
Villon from the inside view to the north bank of the city, the museum is the most eye-catching in the first layer of the waterfront landscape. In the face of such an important and challenging of the lot, Gary gives a construction date in the history of the boldest answer: the entire building by a group of outside review of the titanium plate irregular surface-double combination of the amount in the form and Human building's past practice has nothing to do all involved, from the ultra-accustomed to any construction experience. Gary in the magic of command, construction, the chapter has been solidified by several thousand mobile music once again, play sound shocking.
In the territorial waters of the north side, in order to cover a longer horizontal movements of the three exhibition halls echoed to the level of the river flow and a sense of the larger-scale relations. To the North because the reasons for backlighting, the main facade of the building all day long in the shadows, Gehry building would be smart to deal with skin in all directions into a double-curved surface, such as the angle of sunlight changes in the construction of all surface will have Changing effects of light and shade, to avoid a large-scale construction in the north to the sense of boring.
On the south side of the main entrance, and as a result of the 19th century in the old areas of the building is only one street, the break to take the volume of construction-scale transition to coordinate with the method. Even better is that Gehry to address the viaduct and its museums under construction conflict will be building an elevated road across the bottom and on the other side of the bridge in the design of a high tower, so that the construction of the viaduct have taken form, Han satisfied trend, And then into the city. As a link to an elevated road, will cover building Peiran Mo Royal exuberant vitality of radiation into the depths of the city.
Museum of interior design is extremely exciting, especially at the entrance to the courtyard design, Gehry has been called the threw the hat in the air out of joy, it created a high-ever direct do not have the space to break the simple geometric order of Powerful impact, Cascading surface ups and downs, rushing up, light pouring down, people's well being, is another feast for the eyes, can not refer to one hundred. There is in the court, people have been mobilized to participate in all the arts carnival prepared on the experience of Yongchang and bid farewell to the ferry. In view of Wright in New York Guggenheim Museum of Art exhibits the design of a lack of respect the lessons of Gehry's design exhibition hall of static-simple, easy to create a work of art for the Habitat.
【The construction of praise and controversy】
In 1996 the Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate, Professor at Harvard University, the famous Spanish architect Rafael Moni Ou its heartfelt admiration: There is no human construction of the building as a masterpiece to the general as the flame burning.
This works in surplus over the kind of coincide in the culture of Spain, both also arouse the quiet poetry of not only the dumping of thousands of people around the world, has impressed many wit h Gehry on the bias architect. Of course, should be the happiest people in the city of Bilbao, the cool breeze from that day, flew Riying, the entire museum as a result of the flow of time, turned into a strange and camouflage, Lin Bo mighty river, lighting up and down one by one with the whole Yi Yi cities with a flicker of building up and dance, they have forgotten the suffering of the city's past, I do not know what Jin Xi Xi?

【西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆】

【简介】
西班牙毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆（the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum）
由美国加州建筑师弗兰克?盖里（FFrank O.Gehry）设计，在1997年正式落成启用，它以奇美的造型、特异的结构和崭新的材料立刻博得举世瞩目。在20世纪90年代人类建筑灿若星河的创造中，毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆无疑属于最伟大之列，与悉尼歌剧院一样，它们都属于未来的建筑提前降临人世，属于不是用凡间语言写就的城市诗篇。
该博物馆全部面积占地24000平方米，陈列的空间则有11000平方米，分成十九个展示厅，其中一间还是全世界最大的艺廊之一，面积为130米乘以30米见方。整个博物馆结构体是由建筑师藉助一套为空气动力学使用的电脑软件逐步设计而成。博物馆在建材方面使用玻璃、钢和石灰岩，部分表面还包覆钛金属，与该市长久以来的造船业传统遥相呼应。
【建馆缘由】
西班牙毕尔巴鄂市（Bilbao）始建于1300年，因优良的港口而逐渐兴盛，在西班牙称雄海上的年代成为重要的海港城市，17世纪开始日渐衰落。19世纪时，因出产铁矿而重新振兴，但20世纪中叶以后再次式微，1983年的一场洪水更将其旧城区严重摧毁，整个城市雪上加霜，颓势难挽，虽百般努力却苦无良策。九十年代初，毕尔巴鄂已沦为欧洲藉藉无名的蕞尔小城，若非该市球队在西甲联赛中尚占有一席之地，绝大部分人可能终身无缘闻该市之名。
为城市复兴大计，毕市政府决议发展旅游业，但该市历史不长、名头不响、风俗不奇、景色不佳，兼乏名人旧迹，各种可能的旅游资源一一欠奉，如何吸引外埠人士前来观光成为头号难题。多方问计之下，终于决定兴建一家现代艺术博物馆，寄希望于欧洲众多艺术爱好者的“文化苦旅”。而纽约古根海姆博物馆向为收藏现代艺术的重镇，其基金会早有向欧洲拓张之意，双方一拍即合，要将新的博物馆营造成当代的艺术奇迹。于是，博物馆成为工业城毕尔巴鄂整个都市更新计划中的一环，并斥资一亿美金动工兴建。
【建筑师简介】

洛杉矶建筑师弗兰克?盖里的建筑向来以前卫、大胆著称，其反叛性的设计风格不仅颠覆了几乎全部经典建筑美学原则，也横扫现代建筑，尤其是“国际式”建筑的清规戒律与陈词滥调。
深受洛杉矶城市文化特质及当地激进艺术家的影响，盖里早期的建筑锐意探讨铁丝网、波形板、加工粗糙的金属板等廉价材料在建筑上的运用，并采取拼贴、混杂、并置、错位、模糊边界、去中心化、非等级化、无向度性等各种手段，挑战人们既定的建筑价值观和被捆缚的想像力。其作品在建筑界不断引发轩然大波，爱之者誉之为天才，恨之者毁之为垃圾，盖里则一如既往，创造力汹涌澎湃，势不可挡。终于，越来越多的人容忍了盖里，理解了盖里，并日益认识到盖里的创作对于这个世界的价值。
1989年，整整60岁的弗兰克?盖里荣获了国际建筑界的顶级大奖――普利茨克建筑奖，这时，他已从一个叛逆的青年变成一位苍苍长者，尽管已功成名就，声誉倾盖一时，但他从来没有停止过向新的建筑可能性的追问，没有停止过向自由深处抵� ��的步伐。于是1991年开始设计的毕尔巴鄂古根海姆博物馆，成为盖里“晚年变法”，跃升到更高创作境界的重要契机。
【建筑设计】

该博物馆选址于城市门户之地――旧城区边缘、内维隆河南岸的艺术区域，一条进入毕市的主要高架通道穿越基地一角，是从北部进入城市的必经之路。
从内维隆河北岸眺望城市，该博物馆是最醒目的第一层滨水景观。面对如此重要而富于挑战性的地段，盖里给出了一个迄今为止建筑史上最大胆的解答：整个建筑由一群外覆钛合金板的不规则双曲面体量组合而成，其形式与人类建筑的既往实践均无关涉，超离任何习惯的建筑经验之外。在盖里魔术般的指挥下，建筑，这一章已凝固了数千年的音乐又重新流动起来，奏出令人瞠目结舌的声响。
在邻水的北侧，盖里以较长的横向波动的三层展厅来呼应河水的水平流动感及较大的尺度关系。因为北向逆光的原因，建筑的主立面终日将处于阴影中，盖里聪明地将建筑表皮处理成向各个方向弯曲的双曲面，这样，随着日光入射角的变化，建筑的各个表面都会产生不断变动的光影效果，避免了大尺度建筑在北向的沉闷感。
在南侧主入口处，由于与19世纪的旧区建筑只有一街之隔，故采取打碎建筑体量过渡尺度的方法与之协调。更妙的是，盖里为解决高架桥与其下的博物馆建筑冲突的问题，将建筑穿越高架路下部，并在桥的另一端设计了一座高塔，使建筑对高架桥形成抱揽、涵纳之势，进而与城市融为一体。以高架路为纽带，盖里将这栋建筑沛然莫御的旺盛生命活力辐射入城市的深处。
博物馆的室内设计极为精彩，尤其是入口处的中庭设计，被盖里称为“将帽子扔向空中的一声欢呼”，它创造出以往任何高直空间都不具备的、打破简单几何秩序性的强悍冲击力，曲面层叠起伏、奔涌向上，光影倾泻而下，直透人心，使人目不暇给，百不能指其一。在此中庭下，人们被调动起全部参与艺术狂欢的心理准备，踏上与庸常经验告别的渡口。有鉴于赖特在纽约古根海姆博物馆设计中对艺术展品不够尊重的教训，盖里的展厅设计简洁静素，为艺术品创造一个安逸的栖所。
【有关建筑的赞誉和争议】
1996年普利兹克建筑奖得主、哈佛大学教授、西班牙著名建筑师拉斐尔?莫尼欧对它由衷叹服道：“没有任何人类建筑的杰作能像这座建筑一般如同火焰在燃烧。”
这个作品中盈溢的那种暗合于西班牙文化的、既激扬又沉静的诗意，不仅倾倒了全世界的万千民众，也折服了无数对盖里满怀偏见的建筑师。当然，最幸福的应属毕尔巴鄂市的居民，当天起凉风，日影飞去，整个博物馆因光阴的流转而幻化出奇异的迷彩，河面粼波浩荡，光影上下相逐，整座城市随一栋熠熠闪烁的建筑舞蹈起来的时候，他们是否已淡忘了城市痛苦的过去，不知今夕何夕？

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